Treatment of cancer

Treatment of cancer
Cancer treatment programmes The main goals of a cancer diagnosis and treatment programme are to cure or considerably
prolong the life of patients and to ensure the best
possible quality of life to cancer survivors. The most effective and efficient treatment programmes are those that: a) are provided in a
sustained and equitable way; b) are linked to
early detection; and c) adhere to evidence-based
standards of care and a multidisciplinary
approach. Such programmes also ensure adequate therapy
for cancer types that, although not amenable to
early detection, have high potential for being
cured (such as metastatic seminoma and acute
lymphatic leukaemia in children), or have a good
chance of prolonging survival in a significant way (such as breast cancer and advanced lymphomas). Diagnosis The first critical step in the management of cancer is to establish the diagnosis based on
pathological examination. A range of tests is
necessary to determine the spread of the tumour.
Staging often requires substantial resources that
can be prohibitive in low-resource settings. Because of late diagnosis, however, a consequence of poor access to care, most
patients have advanced disease in such settings. Once the diagnosis and degree of spread of the tumour have been established, to the extent
possible, a decision must be made regarding the
most effective cancer treatment in the given
socioeconomic setting. Major treatment modalities This requires a careful selection of one or more of the major treatment modalities – surgery,
radiotherapy and systemic therapy – a selection
that should be based on evidence of the best
existing treatment given the resources available.
Surgery alone, and sometimes radiation alone, is only likely to be highly successful when the tumour is localized and small in size.
Chemotherapy alone can be effective for a small
number of cancers, such as haematological
neoplasms (leukaemias and lymphomas), which
can generally be considered to be widespread from the outset. Combined modality therapy requires close collaboration among the entire
cancer care team.
Source-
http://www.who.int/cancer/treatment/en/

Child Marriage

Child marriage means that two children are
forced to marry each other with the consent of
the two families. The children are forced into the
institution of marriage without knowing about
its significance in the long run. Though parents are of the opinion that they involve their children in such rituals because it is
an age old custom and it will also secure the
future of their children but the reality is not so.
Though in some cases parents believe in such
superstitions and dogmas in other cases greed is the most significant factor. How can a girl’s future become secured if she gets married to a man who is 60 years of age
while the girl herself is barely 14 or 15? Only
their parent’s future will be secured with the
amount of money the man and his family pay in
return of the girl. This heinous crime cannot be termed as marriage it is simply selling of the girl child. The man will
molest her at a tender age and at the same time
he will kiss death pretty soon. The girl will end
up being so horrified with the custom of
marriage that she will dare not enter the institution again. A whole future filled with
frustration and anger will result thereby. The sad news is that the institution of child marriage is still present in India in a number of
villages and districts. Though the government has
taken strict actions and child marriage has been
declared as a big crime, still this practise is
prevalent till today. The question that arises is that what can be done to stop this hidden crime? Apart from the
measures taken by the government it is essential
for colleges and other institutions like non-
government organizations to make certain
moves. It is advisable to approach such villages and districts and educate the parents about the ill- effects of child marriage. Though it is not easy
to make them understand easily but you never
know that which activity or step of yours can
change their minds at any point of time. Short films, live plays can be shown to them and the moral behind these plays should obviously
show the pathetic future of the kids who are
forced to get married. More and more schools
should be set up in such villages as a result of
which people will sooner or later get their children admitted in schools. Such people should also be informed about the punishment given by
the law and order of the country in an
exaggerated way so that they get immensely
scared even before thinking about such a crime.
It is also advisable on the part of the government to take as strict actions as possible in order to
abolish this institution completely. The path is tough but victory can be achieved if strict actions are taken. College students as a part
of their college campaign can visit such villages
and personally talk to the mothers of children
explaining the ill- effects of child marriage in the
lives of their children. It is easier to make a mother explain the problems her child would face because women are soft by nature. India is a
developing nation and aims to become a
developed nation in the near future, but can a
developed nation have brides and grooms who
have not yet attained adulthood. It is impossible for India to become a developed nation if child marriage is not abolished. Government should start an inquiry in such districts and villages and the homes where
married couples under the age of 18 and 21 for a
girl and a boy respectively are found, strict
actions should be taken. The girl should be sent
to her parent’s home and both the parents of the couple should be punished. There are places where mere words cannot change an
individual’s heart. It is only strict action in the
form of punishment that can alter their minds. The sooner this institution of child marriage is abolished the better for the whole nation. It is
true that the percentage of child marriage has
dropped over the years but still this institution
exists. All the citizens should join hands to abolish
this practice to make India a better place to live in.

Schin Tendulkar

SACHIN TENDULKAR

Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar was born on April 24, 1973 in Mumbai, India. He went to Shradashram Vidyamandir, a high school in Mumbai, where he began his cricketing career under his coach Ramakant Achrekar. He attended the MRF Pace Foundation during his schooldays to train as a fast bowler, but Australian fast bowler Dennis Lillee, who saw him training, was not much impressed and suggested that Tendulkar should focus on his batting instead. As a young boy, Tendulkar would practice for hours at the net, and was driven hard by his coach Achrekar. While at school, his extraordinary batting skills got noticed by the sports circuit. People felt that the young boy would soon become one of the greats in cricket. In the 1988 season, he scored a century in every inning that he played. In one of the inter school matches that year, he had an unbroken 664-run partnership with friend and team mate Vinod Kambli. When he was 14, Indian batting
legend
Sunil
Gavaskar
a great Indian batsman of that time, gave him a pair of his own light pads. This touching gesture greatly encouraged the budding cricketer, who 20 years later broke Gavaskar’s world record of 34 Test centuries.
In 1988, when he was just under 16, he scored 100 not out in for Bombay against Gujrat. This was on his first-class debut. He then scored a century in his first appearance in the Deodhar and Duleep Trophy. Mumbai captain Dilip Vengsarkar picked him up after seeing him batting Kapil Dev in the nets. That season he was Bombay’s highest run- getter. In the Irani Trophy final, He made an unbeaten century. He scored a century in all three of his Irani Trophy, Ranji Trophy and Duleep Trophy debuts,
and became the first player to do so. He was selected for the tour of Pakistan next year. At the very young age of 16, Sachin played his first Test match against Pakistan in Karachi in 1989. In this Test, he received several blows to his body at the hands of Waqar Younis, a pace bowler. He made just 15 runs. In the last test in Sialkot, he had a bloody nose
from a bouncer, but he went on playing. He scored better in the subsequent games, scoring 53 runs of 18 balls at Peshawar. In the 1990 Test in England he scored a century at Old Trafford. The English were highly impressed by his disciplined display of immense maturity. He played many types of strokes. His off-side shots from the back foot greatly impressed the English. Though short in height, he confidently faced short deliveries from the English pace bowlers. His great performance made him look the embodiment of Gavaskar, India’s former famous opener. During the 1991-1992 tour of Australia Tendulkar scored and unbeaten 148 in Sydney and another century on a bouncing pitch a Perth. At the age of 19, Tendulkar was in England, playing for Yorkshire in 1992. He scored 1070 runs at an average of 45.25 while playing for the English county as the first overseas player. In the 2003 Cricket
World
Cup, he made 673 runs in 11 matches which enabled India reach the final. Although Australia won the trophy Tendulkar was given the Man of the Tournament award. Shortly after this Tendulkar developed a
tennis elbow and he was out of cricket for a while. But by 2005, he was back in form. He played well against Australia, Sri Lanka and Pakistan. Tendulkar performed very well against Bangla Desh and he was adjudged the Man of the Series in the Future Cup against South Africa. Today Tendulkar is a national icon to fans all over the world. He is the most worshipped cricketer in the world. Tendulkar has been granted the Padma Vibhushan, Padma Shri, Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, Arjuna Award, Padma Vibhushan by the Indian government.

PERSONAL LIFE

In 1995, Sachin married Anjali, a doctor and the daughter of Gujarati industrialist Anand Mehta. They have two children, Sara and Arjun. Tendulkar now sponsors 200 underprivileged children every year through a Mumbai- based NGO.

sachin tendulkar wallpaper 15

sachin tendulkar wallpaper 251

Do some for indian economy,Be Indian

SPEND 3 min to read this and make your
Future Bright WE CAN MAKE A HUGE DIFFERENCE TO THE
INDIAN ECONOMY . Before 12 months 1 US $ = IND Rs 39 After 12 months, now 1 $ = IND Rs 56.619
Do you think US Economy is booming?
No, but Indian Economy is Going Down. Our economy is in your hands… A cold drink that costs only 70 / 80 paisa
to produce, is sold for Rs.9 and a major
chunk of profits from these are sent
abroad. This is a serious drain on INDIAN
economy. What you can do about it?
1. Buy only products manufactured by
WHOLLY INDIAN COMPANIES.
2.You don’t need to give-up your
lifestyle. You just need to choose an
alternate product. All categories of products are available
from WHOLLY INDIAN COMPANIES. LIST OF PRODUCTS COLD DRINKS:- DRINK LEMON JUICE, FRESH FRUIT JUICES,
CHILLED LASSI (SWEET OR SOUR), BUTTER
MILK, COCONUT WATER, JAL JEERA,
ENERJEE,and MASALA MILK…
INSTEAD OF COCA COLA, PEPSI, LIMCA, MIRINDA, SPRITE BATHING SOAP:- USE CINTHOL & OTHER GODREJ BRANDS,
SANTOOR, WIPRO SHIKAKAI, MYSORE
SANDAL, MARGO,NEEM, EVITA, MEDIMIX,
GANGA , NIRMA BATH & CHANDRIKA
INSTEAD OF LUX, LIFEBUOY, REXONA, LIRIL, DOVE, PEARS, HAMAM, LESANCY, CAMAY, PALMOLIVE TOOTH PASTE:-
USE NEEM, BABOOL, PROMISE, VICO
VAJRADANTI, PRUDENT, DABUR
PRODUCTS, MISWAK
INSTEAD OF COLGATE, CLOSE UP,
PEPSODENT, CIBACA, FORHANS, MENTADENT. TOOTH BRUSH: -
USE PRUDENT, AJANTA , PROMISE
INSTEAD OF COLGATE, CLOSE UP,
PEPSODENT, FORHANS, ORAL-B SHAVING CREAM:-
USE GODREJ, EMAMI
INSTEAD OF PALMOLIVE, OLD SPICE,
GILLETE BLADE:-
USE SUPERMAX, TOPAZ, LAZER, ASHOKA
INSTEAD OF SEVEN-O -CLOCK, 365,
GILLETTE TALCUM POWDER:-
USE SANTOOR, GOKUL, CINTHOL, WIPRO
BABY POWDER, BOROPLUS
INSTEAD OF PONDS, OLD SPICE, JOHNSON’S
BABY POWDER, SHOWER TO SHOWER MILK POWDER:-
USE INDIANA, AMUL, AMULYA
INSTEAD OF ANIKSPRAY, MILKANA,
EVERYDAY MILK, MILKMAID. SHAMPOO:-
USE NIRMA, VELVETTE
INSTEAD OF HALO, ALL CLEAR, NYLE,
SUNSILK, HEAD AND SHOULDERS, PANTENE MOBILE CONNECTIONS:-
USE BSNL, AIRTEL , RELIANCE .
INSTEAD OF Vodafone Food Items:-
Eat Tandoori chicken . home madefood
INSTEAD OF KFC, MACDONALD’S, PIZZA
HUT, A&W
Every INDIAN product you buy makes a
big difference. It saves INDIA. Let us take a firm decision today. BUY INDIAN TO BE INDIAN…
EVERY TRUE INDIAN WILL SHARE IT? Thanks For Spending your valuable time …..
I ve done my duty..Will U???

FDI

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is direct investment into production or business in a country by a company in
another country, either by buying a
company in the target country or by
expanding operations of an existing
business in that country. Foreign direct investment is done for many reasons including to take advantage of cheaper
wages or for special investment
privileges such as tax exemptions offered by the country as an incentive to gain tariff-free access to the markets
of the country or the region. Foreign
direct investment is in contrast to portfolio investment which is a passive investment in the securities of another country such as stocks and bonds. As a part of the national accounts of a country, and in regard to the national
income equation Y=C+I+G+(X-M), I is
investment plus foreign investment, FDI
refers to the net inflows of investment
(inflow minus outflow) to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an
enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor.
It is the sum of equity capital, other long- term capital, and short-term capital as shown the balance of payments. It usually involves participation in
management, joint-venture, transfer of technology and expertise. There are two types of FDI: inward and outward, resulting in a net FDI inflow (positive or
negative) and “stock of foreign direct
investment”, which is the cumulative
number for a given period. Direct
investment excludes investment through purchase of shares.FDI is one example of international factor movements.

TYPE
1. Horizon FDI arises when a firm duplicates its home country-based activities at the same value chain
stage in a host country through FDI.
2. Platform FDI 3. Vertical FDI takes place when a firm through FDI moves upstream or downstream in different value
chains i.e., when firms perform
value-adding activities stage by
stage in a vertical fashion in a host country.
Horizontal FDI decreases international
trade as the product of them is usually
aimed at host country; the two other
types generally act as a stimulus for it.
METHODS
The foreign direct investor may acquire
voting power of an enterprise in an
economy through any of the following
methods: by incorporating a wholly owned
subsidiary or company anywhere by acquiring shares in an associated enterprise through a merger or an acquisition of
an unrelated enterprise participating in an equity joint venture with another investor or enterprise Foreign direct investment incentives
may take the following forms:[citation needed] low corporate tax and individual income tax rates tax holidays other types of tax concessions preferential tariffs special economic zones EPZ – Export Processing Zones Bonded Warehouses Maquiladoras investment financial subsidies soft loan or loan guarantees free land or land subsidies relocation & expatriation infrastructure subsidies R&D support derogation from regulations (usually for very large projects)

For detailed information visit
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment

foreign direct investment 0

newswala i walmart usa fdi

Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prize (Swedish pronunciation: [noˈbɛl], Swedish definite form, singular: Nobelpriset; Norwegian: Nobelprisen) is a set of annual international awards bestowed in a number of categories
by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and/or
scientific advances. The will of the Swedish philanthropist inventor Alfred Nobel established the prizes in 1895. The prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace were first awarded in 1901. The Peace Prize is awarded in Oslo, Norway, while the other prizes are awarded in Stockholm, Sweden. The Nobel Prize is widely regarded as the most prestigious award
available in the fields of literature,
medicine, physics, chemistry, peace, and economics.
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Nobel Prize in Physics, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and the Nobel Memorial
Prize in Economic Sciences; the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet awards the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine; the Swedish Academy grants the Nobel Prize in Literature; and the Nobel Peace Prize is not awarded by a Swedish
organisation but by the Norwegian Nobel Committee. Each recipient, or laureate, receives a
gold medal, a diploma and a sum of money, which is decided by the Nobel Foundation, yearly. As of 2012, each prize was worth 8 million SEK (c. US$1.2 million, €0.93
million). The prize is not awarded
posthumously; however, if a person
is awarded a prize and dies before
receiving it, the prize may still be presented.
Though the average number of laureates per prize
increased substantially during the
20th century, a prize may not be
shared among more than three people.

HISTORY
Alfred Nobel ( listen (help·info)) was born on 21 October 1833 in Stockholm, Sweden, into a family of engineers.He was a chemist, engineer, and inventor. In 1894, Nobel purchased the Bofors iron and steel mill, which he made into a
major armaments manufacturer. Nobel also invented ballistite, a precursor to many smokeless military explosives, especially the
British smokeless powder cordite. Nobel was even involved in a patent infringement lawsuit over cordite.
Nobel amassed a fortune during his
lifetime, with most of his wealth
from his 355 inventions, of which dynamite is the most famous.In 1888, Nobel was astonished to read his own obituary, titled The
merchant of death is dead, in a
French newspaper. As it was Alfred’s
brother Ludvig who had died, the obituary was eight years premature. The article disconcerted Nobel and
made him apprehensive about how
he would be remembered. This inspired him to change his will.On 10 December 1896, Alfred Nobel
died in his villa in San Remo, Italy, from a cerebral haemorrhage. He was 63 years old. For detail visit
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize

World Wars

A world war is a war affecting most of the world’s most powerful and
populous countries. World wars span multiple countries on multiple continents, with battles fought in multiple theaters. The term is usually applied to the two conflicts of unprecedented scale
that occurred during the 20th
century: World War I (1914–1918) and World War II (1939–1945). However, it is also sometimes
applied to earlier wars and to a hypothetical future war. Origins of the term The term World War was coined speculatively in the early 20th
century, some years before the First
World War broke out, probably as a literal translation of the German word Weltkrieg.[1] German writer August Wilhelm Otto Niemann had used the word in the title of his anti-
British novel Der Weltkrieg:
Deutsche Träume (“The World War:
German Dreams”) as early as 1904,
published in English as The coming conquest of England. The Oxford English Dictionary cites the first known usage in the English language as being in April 1909, in
the pages of the Westminster Gazette. It was recognized that the complex
system of opposing alliances—the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire vs. the French Third Republic, the Russian Empire, and the British Empire was likely to lead to a worldwide conflict in the event of war breaking out.
The fact that the powers involved
had large overseas empires virtually
guaranteed that a war would be
worldwide, as the colonies’ resources would be a crucial
strategic factor. The same strategic
considerations also ensured that the
combatants would strike at each
other’s colonies, thus spreading the
fighting far more widely than in the pre-colonial era. Other languages have also adopted the “World War” terminology; for
instance, in French, the two World Wars are the Guerres mondiales; in German, the Erste und Zweite Weltkrieg (World War I was only known or commonly recognized in
public as der Weltkrieg in Germany
when it was over, while prior to the
war the word was used in the more
abstract meaning of “a global conflict”); in Italian, the Guerra Mondiale; in Russian the мировые войны (miroviye voyni); in Spanish the Guerra Mundial and so on.

WW1(in picture one)
WW2(in picture two)

325px wwi re

325px wwii